Learning Objectives
1. Health
- Describe the variations in health as reflected by changes in life expectancy at national and global scales since 1950. Explain the patterns and trends in terms of differences in income and lifestyle.
- Evaluate life expectancy, infant mortality rate (IMR) and child mortality, HALE (health-adjusted life expectancy), calorie intake, access to safe water and access to health services as indicators of health.
- Discuss the geographic factors that determine the relative emphasis placed by policy-makers, in one country or region, on prevention as opposed to treatment of disease.
- Identify global patterns of calorie intake as one measure of food availability.
- Distinguish between malnutrition, temporary hunger, chronic hunger and famine.
- Discuss the concept of food security.
- Explain how changes in agricultural systems, scientific and technological innovations, the expansion of the area under agriculture and the growth of agribusiness have increased the availability of food in some areas, starting with the Green Revolution and continuing since.
- Examine the environmental, demographic, political, social and economic factors that have caused areas of food deficiency and food insecurity.
- Analyse the variety of causes responsible for a recent famine.
- Analyse the impacts at a variety of scales of trade barriers, agricultural subsidies, bilateral and multi-lateral agreements, and TNCs on the production and availability of food.
- Evaluate the relative importance of food aid, free trade and fair trade in alleviating food shortages.
- Explain the concept of sustainable agriculture in terms of energy efficiency ratios and sustainable yields.
- Examine the concept of food miles as an indicator of environmental impact.
- Explain the global distribution of diseases of affluence.
- Explain the global distribution of diseases of poverty.
- Explain how the geographic concepts of diffusion by relocation and by expansion apply to the spread of diseases. Examine the application of the concept of barriers in attempts to limit the spread of diseases. Describe the factors that have enabled reduction in incidence of a disease.
- Examine the geographic factors responsible for the incidence and spread of two diseases.
- Evaluate the geographic impacts of these two diseases at the local, national and international scales.
- Assess the management strategies that have been applied in any one country or region for one of these diseases.
Diseases
Further Reading
- 'Whole world at risk' from simultaneous droughts, famines, epidemics: scientists | Nafeez Ahmed | Environment | theguardian.com Apr 9, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, environment, drought, famineby: Gemma Archer
- How Increased Meat Consumption In China Changes Landscapes Across The Globe - Forbes Apr 2, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, meat, consumption, increased, china, changes, landscapes, Environmental changeby: Gemma Archer
- World AIDS Day: how AIDS activists changed medical research | Vanessa Heggie | Science | theguardian.com Apr 2, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Disease, AIDS, HIV, global, activism, research, science_tech, innovation, barriers, manage, managementby: Gemma Archer
- HIV 's efficiency makes it a formidable foe | Society | The Guardian Apr 2, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Disease, efficiency, HIV, AIDS, spread, diffusion, barriersby: Gemma Archer
- Preventing HIV: the latest on vaccine development and gene therapy | Global Development Professionals Network | Guardian Professional Apr 2, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Disease, vaccine, HIV, AIDS, prevention, management, global, science_tech, technology, innovationby: Gemma Archer
- Uganda: how campaigners are preparing to counter the anti-gay bill | Global Development Professionals Network | Guardian Professional Apr 2, 2014Comments:Uganda: how campaigners are preparing to counter the anti-gay bill - Gemma ArcherTags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Disease, uganda, gay, HIV, AIDS, managementby: Gemma Archer
- Chile Derails "Monsanto Law" That Would Privatize Seeds Mar 31, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, seeds, monsanto, law, TNC, food availabilityby: Gemma Archer
- How UK activists are fighting to eliminate food waste : TreeHugger Mar 30, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, food, sustainability, UKby: Charlotte Lemaitre
- The Economics of Obesity: Why Are Poor People Fat? Mar 23, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, Health, poor, obesity, economics, Disparities in wealth and development, diet, nutrition, malnutritionby: Gemma Archer
- Beyond the Food Desert: Why We Can't Get Healthy Foods in Poor Communities | Food on GOOD Mar 23, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, Health, communities, poor, desert, Disparities in wealth and development, disparities, poverty, obesity, diet, lifestyleby: Gemma Archer
- Fair trade is neither fair nor good for trade - Telegraph Mar 9, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, agriculture, addressing imbalances, fair trade, trade, developmentby: Gemma Archer
- BBC News - GM rice approval 'edging closer' Mar 9, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, rice, GM_crops, agriculture, Philippinesby: Gemma Archer
- BBC - Future - The future of food Mar 9, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, future, environment, Sustainability, agriculture, Healthby: Gemma Archer
- Move over quinoa, Ethiopia's teff poised to be next big super grain | Global development | theguardian.com Mar 9, 2014Tags: quinoa, ethiopia, development, Food, Food and Health, ib_geog2009, Economic interactions and flows, food consumption, demand, consumer demand, agribusinessby: Gemma Archer
- Daily chart: Food for thought | The Economist Mar 9, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, chart, economist, map, infographic, food availability, calorie intakeby: Gemma Archer
- BBC News - Elderly malnutrition highlighted in government project Mar 9, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, malnutrition, elderly, UK, Disparities in wealth and development, Populations in transition, ageing, dietby: Gemma Archer
- Climate change fuels water scarcity and hunger | Globalization | DW.DE | 26.12.2013 Feb 20, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability, Patterns and Change, climate change, water, scarcity, hunger, globalisation, water scarcity, Foodby: Gemma Archer
- BBC News - EU set to grow more GM maize despite strong opposition Feb 16, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, maize, GM_cropsby: Charlotte Lemaitre
- SUSTAINABLE AGRIBUSINESS: DEVELOPING LOCAL SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES IN THE REGIONAL AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR IN AUSTRALIA | Emma Coath - Academia.edu Feb 12, 2014Tags: ib_geog2009, Food and Health, Food, sustainable, challenges, solutions, australia, sustainable agriculture, agricultureby: Gemma Archer
- BBC - Development and Health - Health Nov 16, 2013