8G Rocks & Weathering and 8H The Rock Cycle. Time 45 min (45 marks)
1.	The diagram shows a volcano erupting.

not to scale
(a)	Look at the diagram.  Give the letter which labels:
(i)	magma;
............
1 mark
(ii)	liquid lava;
............
1 mark
(iii)	old solid rock.
............
1 mark
(b)	When magma and lava cool, they form a hard crystalline rock.
What is the name of this type of rock?
Tick the correct box.
igneous rock	
metamorphic rock	
sedimentary rock	
1 mark

(c)	The changes listed below take place when a volcano erupts.
Which one of these changes could be reversed?
Tick the correct box.
Old rock is heated to form a different rock.	
Sulphur burns to form sulphur dioxide.	
Water is heated to form water vapour.	
1 mark
(d)	Ash from a volcano dropped into a lake.  All the fish in the lake were killed and buried under the ash in the mud at the bottom of the lake.
	The photograph below shows the remains of a fish millions of years later.

(i)	The photograph shows the body parts which supported the fish.
Give the name of these body parts.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	Give the name for animal and plant remains that are found in a rock after millions of years.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks

2.	The diagram shows four different layers of sedimentary rock in a cliff.

(a)	Which layer of , A, B, C or D, is probably the oldest?
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)	Igneous rock is formed when magma cools.
Choose from the following words to complete the sentences below.
gas	liquid	metal	solid
(i)	Igneous rock is a  ....................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	Magma is a  ............................................................................................
1 mark
(c)	Rocks are put into groups according to the way they are formed. The groups are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.
(i)	To which group does sandstone belong?
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	In which group are fossils never found?
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

3.	These photographs show how the cliffs on the coastline by a church changed between the years 1886 and 1919.
	the church and
coastline in 1886	
	the church and
coastline in 1904	
-
	the church and
coastline in 1912	
	the church and
coastline in 1919	
photographs by kind permission of Dunwich museum
(a)	(i)	How can you tell from the photographs that the coastline has changed?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii)	What made the coastline change? Tick the correct box.
the rain		the sea		
the Sun		the wind		
1 mark
(b)	On the seashore, pebbles that are rough and uneven become smooth and rounded. Explain how they become smooth and rounded.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)	The photograph below shows a carved limestone head. The surface of the limestone has changed over many years.

(i)	Which process made the surface of the limestone change over many years? Tick the correct box.
carving		polishing		
melting		weathering		
1 mark
(ii)	Name a substance in the air which made the surface of the limestone change.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

4.	The action of the weather and plants on rocks or building materials is called weathering. The material is damaged but nothing gets taken away.
	When material is broken down and removed from the area the process is called erosion.
(a)	For the examples described in the table, tick one box in each row to show if the example is weathering, erosion or neither.

4 marks
(b)	How does water cause weathering of a brick?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

5.	The drawing shows a new statue made of sandstone.  After some years the statue will look different because of weathering.

(a)	Describe two ways in which the statue will look different because of weathering.
1. ..................................................................................................................
    ..................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................
    ..................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b)	Tick two ways in which the weathering of the statue can take place.
Water on it freezes.		The weather around it becomes warm.		
Plants grow on it.		Atmospheric pressure on it increases.		
2 marks
(c)	Another statue was made from limestone.  Rain makes limestone weather more quickly than sandstone.  What substance in the rainwater causes this?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

6.	Linda had a piece of red sandstone.
	She hammered it into pieces and then ground them into a powder using a pestle and mortar.  

	She put the powder into a measuring cylinder with water and shook the mixture. The contents settled. 

(a)	Linda said her results showed that sandstone is a mixture of two substances.
	How could she tell, from the results, that sandstone is a mixture of substances?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)	Linda then poured the cloudy water from the measuring cylinder through filter paper in a filter funnel.

	She said there might be salts dissolved in the colourless, clear liquid that came through the filter.
(i)	What could Linda do to find out if there were salts dissolved in the colourless, clear liquid?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	What would she see if there had been salts dissolved in the colourless, clear liquid?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)	Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Four stages in the formation of sedimentary rock are listed below.
They are not in the correct order.
compacted          deposited          weathered          transported
	Put these stages in the correct order.  One has been done for you.
stage 1 ................weathered...................
stage 2 .....................................................
stage 3 .....................................................
stage 4 .....................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

7.	Five different rocks, A, B, C, D and E, are described in the table.
(a)	From the information given, classify each rock as:
igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary.
	One has been done for you.

4 marks
(b)	Look at the descriptions of the rocks A, B, C, D and E.
(i)	Sheets of slate are used as roofing material.  
Which rock could be slate?  
	Give the letter ..............................
1 mark
(ii)	When limestone is weathered, fossils sometimes appear in the surface.  
Which rock could be limestone?
	Give the letter ..............................
1 mark
(iii)	Granite is a crystalline rock.  Its surface is speckled with a number of colours.  It can be used for road chippings.  Which rock could be granite?  
	Give the letter ..............................
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks

8.	(a)	The table gives the names of three different rocks and how they are classified.
name of rock	class of rock	
granite	igneous	
marble	metamorphic	
shale	sedimentary	
	In the table below, draw lines to connect the name of each rock to the description of how the rock was formed and then to the correct description of features of the rock.

3 marks
(b)	The diagram shows a section through a limestone cliff.

Diagram: Mary Jones, Geoff Jones, David Acaster, Cambridge Coordinated Science: Chemistry, 1993

(i)	There are caves in the limestone.
Explain how chemical weathering causes caves to form in limestone.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2 marks
(ii)	Limestone is a porous rock. Water can enter the spaces in limestone.
Describe how this causes physical weathering of the limestone.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2 marks
Maximum 7 marks